Uloga glazbe u terapiji djece s poremećajima iz spektra autizma

master's thesis

• Author: Lucija Jelušić
• Mentor: Sanja Kiš Žuvela (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Academy of Music; (Music Pedagogy Department); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-27, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: FIELD OF ART; Art of Music; Music Education
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: INTERDISCIPLINARY AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE; Educational Sciences (Child and Educational Psychology, Sociology of Education, Political Science of Education, Economics of Education, Anthropology of Education, Neurosciences and Early Learning, Educational Disciplines)

Abstract

Autizam je pervazivan razvojni poremećaj koji počinje u djetinjstvu, traje cijeli život, a zahvaća gotovo sve psihičke funkcije.1 Interes djece s poremećajima iz spektra autizma za glazbu, pozitivne reakcije na nju te učestalost vrlo razvijenoga glazbenog sluha u toj populaciji otvaraju put glazbenoterapijskim metodama kojima mogu razviti socijalne vještine i ostvariti zajedničke aktivnosti s vršnjacima. Glazba je jedinstvena u tretiranju brojnih neuroloških problema jer angažira gotovo svako područje mozga.2 Terapije glazbom potiču neuroplastičnost mozga jačanjem veza koje kompenziraju nedostatke u njegovim oštećenim dijelovima. Slušanje glazbe poboljšava pamćenje i koordinaciju, a može pospješiti i razvoj drugih vještina, uključujući govor i motorne funkcije.3 Cilj je ovoga diplomskog istraživanja usporediti odabrane glazbenoterapijske prakse u Republici Hrvatskoj te uočiti pomake u kognitivnim, motornim, socijalnim, komunikacijskim i emocionalnim kompetencijama kod djece s poremećajima iz spektra autizma. U Republici Hrvatskoj provode se različite individualne i grupne terapije glazbom za djecu s poremećajima iz spektra autizma od treće godine nadalje. Najbolji rezultati postižu se u dobi do sedam godina. Usprkos razlikama u metodama i pristupima, ispitani terapeuti većinom navode iste pozitivne ishode terapije glazbom kod djece s poremećajima iz spektra autizma. Nuspojave su rijetke i kratkotrajne, a poboljšanja uglavnom trajna ako se terapija kontinuirano provodi tijekom predoperacijskoga razvojnog razdoblja. S obzirom na sve veću dostupnost terapija glazbom u Hrvatskoj, kao i rast svijesti o njihovoj uspješnosti, ovaj rad može biti polazna točka za daljnja istraživanja metoda za pomoć djeci s poremećajima iz spektra autizma, posebno na području komunikacije, kognicije i socijalnih vještina.

Abstract (english)

According to Bujas Petković and Frey Škrinjar4, autism is a pervasive developmental disorder beginning in childhood, lasting a lifetime and overtaking most psychical functions. The affected children’s interest in music, positive reactions and frequency of highly developed musical hearing pave the way for therapeutic methods which can help them develop social competences and join their peers’ activities. Music is a unique asset in handling neurological problems because it engages most areas of the brain (Hurt-Thaut, 2016).5 Therapies based on music foster brain neuroplasticity by strengthening connections which compensate for disadvantages in the damaged brain parts. Listening to music improves memory and coordination and can develop additional skills, including speech and motor functions (Tomatis, Ferguson, & Campbell, 1992).6 This MA thesis aims to compare different approaches to music therapy of children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) in Croatia and to examine their cognitive, motor, social, communication and emotional progress. Various individual and group therapy programs for children aged 3 and older are conducted in Croatia. The best results are achieved by the age of 7. In spite of using different methods and approaches, most interviewed therapists quote similar positive outcomes of music therapy of children with ASD. Side effects are scarce and short-lived, whereas improvements are generally permanent if therapy is conducted during the preoperational developmental stage. Due to the spreading availability of therapeutic practices in Croatia, as well as increasing awareness of the benefits of music therapy, this work can serve as a starting point for further research of therapeutic methods which can help children with ASD, especially in the field of communication, cognitive and social skills.

• Keywords: autizam; terapija glazbom; komunikacijske kompetencije; kognitivni razvoj; emocionalni razvoj; Hrvatska
• Keywords (english): autism; music therapy; communication competences; cognitive development; emotional development; Croatia
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:116:863333
• Study programme: Title: Integrated Undegraduate and Graduate University Study Programme in Music Pedagogy; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra muzike (magistar/magistra muzike)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-11-14 12:40:53